What Is Varicocele?
Understanding Varicocele
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins in the scrotum (the pampiniform plexus), similar to a varicose vein in the leg but affecting the veins that drain the testicle.
- Most often occurs on the left side but can be bilateral.
- May be discovered during a fertility evaluation or when men seek care for chronic testicular discomfort.
How Varicocele Causes Pain and Infertility
The dilated veins can cause blood to pool and temperature to rise around the testicle, potentially affecting sperm production and quality over time.
- Chronic venous congestion can lead to a dull, aching pain, especially after standing or exercise.
- Some men notice testicular shrinkage or changes in semen analysis before any pain develops.
Symptoms and When to See a Doctor
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent or recurring testicular or scrotal pain.
- Swelling or a knot‑like cluster of veins above the testicle.
- Fertility problems or abnormal semen parameters on testing.
- A sensation of warmth or heaviness in the scrotum.
Seek prompt medical attention for sudden, severe pain, rapidly increasing swelling, or systemic symptoms such as fever, which may indicate other urgent conditions.